EDUCATION INDIA

The present system of higher education does not serve the purpose for which it has been

started. In general education itself has become so profitable a business that quality is lost in the increase of quantity of professional institutions with quota system and politicization adding fuel to the fire of spoil system, thereby increasing unemployment of graduates without quick relief to mitigate their sufferings in the job market of the country. So, the drawbacks of the higher education system underscore the need for reforms to make it worthwhile and beneficial to all concerned.

Competition:

Next to China, India is the most populated country in the world. Naturally there is too much rush and competition in every field. So, rush to technical and higher education has increased as scope for arts and science has become lesser and lesser due to lack of reforms and up gradation in the course structure and materials according to the developments of the world. Also, qualification in higher education gives added advantage to face successfully competition in the job market.

Purpose of Education:

All round development of personality is the purpose of education. But the present day

education is neither imparting true knowledge of life, world and helping one stand on one’s own leg nor improving the talent of a student by which one can achieve laurels in the field one is interested. So, combination of arts subjects and computer science and science and humanities or literature should be introduced so that such courses could be useful for the students to do jobs after recruitment in some companies which would reduce unnecessary rush to higher education.

Right Course of Action:

In India around 240 Universities controlling somewhere 5000 colleges of various courses churning out millions of graduates seeking jobs in vain due to lack of employability, communication skill and entrepreneurship quality. In Tamil Nadu State of India alone (from 2000 to 2006) more than 600, 000 students are hunting for jobs without hope due to political rivalries and lack of investments in job generating manufacturing units and companies. This is one side of the picture.

Higher Education:

Higher education is necessary for one to achieve excellence in the line one is best. But one should be selected for higher education on the basis of merit only. Further, fees for education in general should not be high; especially, the fees for higher studies should be within the reach of every class of people in the nation.

Standard:

In any nation education is the basic necessity for the socio-economic development of the individuals and the society. In reality only 20% of the population is educated in India. Also, only 25% of the Universities are having world class education. So, improved standard of education as first priority should be offered to the majority by the govt. authorities with sincere political will. Also, privatization of higher education is absolutely necessary in a vast country like India as government alone is helpless to do so.

Quality:

That is the way people’s quality of life can be improved and also, the nation can economically compete with the developed nations of the world. So, private educational institutions can give higher education to all irrespective of economic status of the students. As far as quality of education is concerned it should be under the control of a central institute such as All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) and the respective Universities concerned.

EDUCATION IN CHINA

Education System in China :

The history of education in China began with the birth of the Chinese

civilization. It began as noble parents who set up institutions for their offspring. After the defeat of the Chinese Empire in the opium Wars, the natives wanted a modern Western education system in the areas of foreign languages, national defense and new techniques of industrial production. In the late 90's, came the establishment of institutes such as the Peking University and the Jiaotong University. Currently, the education system of China has spread its wings to different parts of the world. It comprises of preschools, kindergartens, schools for the handicapped, key schools (similar to college preparatory schools), primary schools, secondary schools and various reputed institutions for higher learning. The Compulsory Education Law, effective from July 1st 1986 has established specific requirements and deadlines for mandatory education to the less fortunate. Look below for an idea academic procedures in China.

Admission Procedures :
The universities are open to foreign students who wish to pursue higher education in China. There are certain procedures to be completed in order to be eligible for admission here. Non-Chinese applicants should have completed their senior high school and achieved a good academic score.

Completing the application form for foreigners providing original documents of mark sheets.
Submitting the 'Physical Examination Records for Foreigners' and attaching the required medical and other relevant forms.
After completing these procedures successfully, the university will verify the documents and shortlist applications. once shortlisted, they send out an admission notice and the visa application form.
Following the above, the student can apply for a visa directly.

Academic Scenario In China :
China holds the reputation of producing a booming rate of professionals that graduate every year. It has been seen that this East Asian country has increased its number of undergraduates and doctorates degrees, almost five fold in 10 years. In 2003, China supported about 1,552 institutions of higher learning colleges and 11 million students. In 2005, almost 1.5 million science and engineering students alone graduated from Chinese universities.

Impressed with the academic structure of China? Increase your chances of being a part of this culture and its diverse thinking. Hope this article has provided you with all the information regarding the education system of China.

DISTANCE EDUCATION

Distance Education in Annamalai University :

Annamalai University is a accompaniment university in Annamalai Nagar, TN, India. The university offers programmes of college apprenticeship in the sciences and arts.

About Annamalai Univeristy :

The Annamalai University is a teaching, unitary and residential university. This university was founded by the blue-blooded affection philanthropist Dr. Rajah Sir Annamalai Chettiar. He provided a advantageous duke in starting of abounding colleges and in the end gave acceleration to this University in 1929. After again there were abounding pro-chancellors of the universities who served the University from 1948-1984.

The Annamalai University is accouterment assorted accessories like hostels for both girls and boys, amphitheater and sports complex, branch food and agents amusement club, absolute Yoga center, capital and axial library and added accessories like bound ability bearing and bedfellow house, hospitals. Besides there are some added accessories like casework of Youth Red Cross, Rural Development Services, Chest Pain camps, National Cadet Cops, Social Service League, Student cultural club, Heart Foundation and additionally Blood Donor Clinic.

Popular Courses :

Two years diploma course in Distance learning MBA.
One- year diploma course in Distance learning MBA.

Top Specializations :

Sales & Marketing.
Finance
International Business.
Production and Material Management.
Opertions Management.
Retail Management

SIKKIM MANIPAL UNIVERSITY

Sikkim Manipal University Distance Education :
The Master of Business Administration (MBA) is an integrated program designed

to provide an advanced program in management for those seeking managerial positions in industry, commerce and services. The core subjects are aimed at developing knowledge and skills in fundamental management
disciplines. The program also involves participation in group work with students from diverse backgrounds and is aimed at improving the decision making abilities of the participants in management related areas.

The program aims at realizing the following student objectives :

To provide intensive the theoretical and practical knowledge of management.
To provide an integrated perspective of management functioning along with a
fair amount of exposure to real life cases/technical know how.
To hone the student's analytical abilities.
To provide access to a broad base of knowledge in core managerial skills.
To develop the essential management skills required to meet and participate in an increasingly international business environment.
To build upon the essential core management modules allowing greater emphasis on elective modules of management .

Widespread recognition: Recognized by DEC for three academic years – 2009-10 to

2011-12. Sikkim Manipal university is recognized by university grants commission (UGC), ministry of HRD and is a member of association of Indian universities (AIU).

Advantage for working professionals: Lateral entry to higher semester provided to candidates with managerial experience to put their career on the fast track; Classroom environment created online via EduNxt with anytime access; industry mentor chat, discussion groups, videos, blogs, news, case-studies and projects to make education mirror situations a professional faces during his/her career; Career counseling and soft skills videos to enhance and hone candidates industry relevant skills

Making learning accessible and affordable: Scholarships for 1500 meritorious students to access quality education; Education loans provided to enable students to afford higher education; 700+ learning center in 310 towns – enabling employees in transferable jobs complete their education from anywhere in India

ECE - Engineering

Electronics and Communication Engineering :

Electronics Engineering is one of the largest and fastest growing field of engineering. It covers a wide range of applications which make our life easier and enjoyable such as Television, Radio, computers, telecommunication etc. They helps us to see, hear and communicate over vast distances and do things faster. Electronics has a major role in improving productivity in industries like oil, energy, agriculture and so many other important sectors of economy. In steel, petroleum and chemical industries it is the electronic devices that direct, control and test production processes. Health care industry depend on electronic instruments to perform chemical tests and to check body functions. The safety in transportation, factories and mines and in homes rely heavily on electronics.

Electronics and communication engineering course give enormous job opportunities in electronics and software companies. All electronic devices need software interface to run and come with one other or other device controlling programs architect ed and developed by electronics and communication engineering. It also gives great opportunities for research and development, as

everyday consumer need new devices to support them in daily life.

Electronics has been a major driving force in the development of modern technologies in virtually every field of engineering. Semiconductor technology has led to the development of fantastic devices like computers, mobile phones, televisions, music systems etc. Paired up with communications technology, the possibilities that arise are infinite. Considered as a core engineering field, electronics technology is the foundation for several other technologies like communications technology, computer technology, information technology etc. Keeping this in mind, the Department of Electronics and communications was established in Jaypee Institute of Engineering and Technology.
The Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at JUET, Guna offers B. Tech programme in Electronics and Communication Engineering.

The department has dedicated labs in following specialized areas:

• Analog Electronics

• Digital Electronics

• Control Systems

• DSP

• Power Electronics

• Microprocessors

• Communication Systems

All laboratories are well-equipped with advance instruments for testing and designing . Careful choice from a vast set of electives leads to the specialization in Communication Systems, Signal Processing and VLSI Design

EDUCATION SYSTEM IN LONDAN

Education System in Londan :

London is the capital of England and United Kingdom (UK). It is Britain’s largest and most crowded

metropolitan area. London is a foremost global educational centre, having one of the largest populations of overseas students of any city in the world.

Other Institutions for Higher Education :

There are also numbers of colleges in London that offer education leading to degree authenticated by universities but not from actual universities. Some of these colleges are private institutions and very similar to actual universities like European Business School or Regent’s College.

Further Education

London also has various further education colleges funded by Learning and Skills Councils. Traditionally these were completely separated from higher education system and offered vocational education below university level. This distinction is breaking down and various further education colleges now offer university level courses validated by local university and prepare students for university entrance, as well as providing them vocational courses.

Art Education

London is also Britain’s leading centre for arts education. London has four music conservatories like:

Royal College of Music
The Royal Academy of Music
Trinity College of Music
The Guildhall School of Music and Drama

Art and design schools include

Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design
Chelsea College of Art and Design
London College of Communication
London College of Fashion
Goldsmiths College
University of London
Royal College of Art
Slade School of Art

Medical Education :

London is an important centre for medical education. The city’s medical schools are attached to top hospitals and some of them are numerous centuries old. The number of medical schools has been reduced to five after a recent series of mergers.

CHARTERED ACCOUNTS

Chartered Accounts Courses in India :

A Chartered accountant is one who is specialised in accounting, auditing and taxation. He also serves as a management and corporate caretaker. In recent times, accountancy has become popular as a profession. The services of a CA is required in money matters even in a small business . Moreover according to the Company Act only CA's in professional practice are allowed to be appointed as auditors of companies in India. A chartered accountant is a person who is accepted as a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) after having passed the Final examination of the Chartered accountancy course conducted by the institute.

Many multinational companies have come forward in the Chartered

Accountancy field. ICICI Prudential, Om Kotak Mahindra, Birla Sun-Life, Tata AIF Life, Reliance, HDFC Standard Life-Chartered Accountancy Co., Max New York Life, SBI Life Chartered Accountancy, ING Vysya Life etc. are the top companies in the private sector. In non-life Chartered Accountancy segment, major private players are ICICI Lombard, Royal Sundaram, Cholamandalam, IFFCO Tokyo, Tata AIG etc. All Chartered Accountancy companies come under the Chartered Accountancy Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) which is established to regulate, promote and ensure orderly growth of Life and General Chartered Accountancy industry in India.

CA programme is a professional course which has three sections namely, Common Proficiency Test (CPT); Integrated Professional Competence Course (IPCC) and Final Course. The registration for CPT and IPCC is open throughout the year. A student may register at any time during the year. However, as the examinations will be held twice a year in May and November, it is necessary that a student must register at least ten months before the examinations. After passing the Integrated Professional Competence Course (IPCC) candidates are eligible for registration as articled clerks/ audit clerks for practical training. Computer Training Programme, ie 100 hours Information Technology is compulsory for the candidates who wish to register themselves as auditor clerk. Students can undergo this programme while pursuing CPT or IPCC.Articled clerk is a trainee attached to a practicing chartered accountant under a Deed of Articles for the duration three years. During this period the articled clerk will also need to continue studies for the CA exam. An audit clerk is a person who has served as a salaried employee for a minimum period of one year under a practicing chartered accountant. During the training period, candidates would be required to work in different areas learning the basics of auditing and taxation . This training enables them to learn the technical details of the job as well as to get an idea of the working environment of the profession.

HEALTH EDUCATION IN UK

Health Education in UK :

Whether you aim to become a doctor, dentist, nurse or midwife, there's a course in the UK for you. You could also take a UK degree in:

Optometry
Podiatry
Chiropody
Nutrition
Physiotherapy
Radiography
Pharmacology
Occupational therapy
Speech therapy

Alternatively you could study complementary medicine such as osteopathy and chiropractice, now gaining UK Government recognition.

Many UK institutions are not only long-established and prestigious, but are also at the forefront of modern medicine. Study in the UK and you’ll find innovative courses and high quality teaching in health-related subjects. This allows you to combine clinical experience with academic study.

There are many career opportunities for international medical students in the UK. The UK's National Health Service (NHS) is the largest organisation in Europe - with over a million employees. It has been used as a model for public health systems worldwide.

Postgraduate health and medicine courses in the UK
Postgraduate study is essential to further medical research. It is a requirement for many careers in medicine, healthcare and complementary therapies. UK taught postgraduate courses are available or you can undertake research via an MPhil, an MD or a PhD.

You can specialise in areas such as oncology, immunity and neurosciences and there are also postgraduate opportunities for graduate nurses, midwives and health visitors.

MICROBIOLOGY COURSE IN CANADA

Microbiology course in Canada :

Famous Canadian universities notably, the University of Alberta; University of Calgary;

the University of British Columbia; University of Victoria; University of Manitoba; Dalhousie University; University of Guelph; University of Ottawa and the Queen’s University offer some well respected academic qualifications in the discipline of microbiology for both the domestic and the international students.

University of Alberta

PhD in microbiology and biotechnology; PhD in medical microbiology and immunology; MSc in microbiology and biotechnology and MSc in medical microbiology and immunology comprise major academic qualifications offered by the University of Alberta in the discipline of microbiology.

University of Calgary

University of Calgary offers advanced qualifications in microbiology and infectious diseases such as PhD in microbiology and infectious diseases and MSc in microbiology and infectious diseases

The University of British Columbia

Major microbiology academic programs available at the University of British Columbia include Bachelor of Science in Microbiology and Immunology; Bachelor of Science in Microbiology; PhD in Microbiology and Immunology and MSc in Microbiology and Immunology.

University of Victoria

University of Victoria offers degree, master and doctoral level qualifications in microbiology such as BSc in microbiology; MSc in microbiology and PhD in microbiology

University of Manitoba

University of Manitoba is a major education destination for both microbiology and medical microbiology academic programs. Popular microbiology programs offered at the University of Manitoba include courses such as BSc Major in microbiology; BSc honors in microbiology; BSc general in microbiology; MSc in microbiology; PhD in microbiology; MSc in medical microbiology and PhD in medical microbiology

Dalhousie University

Dalhousie University is also one of the most favored education destinations for microbiology programs like BSc in Microbiology and Immunology – Major; BSc in Microbiology and Immunology honours; MSc in Microbiology and Immunology and PhD in Microbiology and Immunology

University of Guelph

University of Guelph, another reputed education destination for microbiology programs in Canada, conducts Bachelor of Science honours microbiology and Master of Science in microbiology for the interested candidates

Apart from these, the University of Ottawa and the Queen’s University also offer microbiology programs mainly a PhD in Microbiology and Immunology program and Master of Science in Microbiology and Immunology program for the eligible overseas applicants.

BIOTECHNOLOGY COURSE

Bio Technology Course in West Bengal :

About the course

Students admitted to the programme are eligible for the award of M.Sc. degree in Biotechnology on successful completion of the course.
The programme has been introduced from the session 2001-2002 with initial financial

support from the DBT, Govt. of India. The efforts of the faculty members of the Departments of Zoology, Botany, Chemistry and Computer Science are combined for a progress of the programme. It is expected that with further financial support from different sources during the Tenth Five Year Plan, the Department of Biotechnology will flourish as an independent department comparable to that of other leading institutions in India.
The faculty members involved pursue research in the field of tumour immunology, immunogenetics, immunophytopathology, fish diseases, insect biotechnology, industrial microbiology, environmental management, biodiversity and bioconservation, tissue culture etc.
The course comprises of biochemistry, tissue culture, microbiology, cell biology and molecular genetics, immunology, statistics and computer applications, industrial microbiology, agricultural biotechnology, Immunotechnology and biotechnology of disease management, genetics engineering, biophysics, biodiversity, bioconservation and environmental biotechnology.

Course title

MSc Biotechnology

Seats

07 seats

Admission / Hostel Fee

At the time of admission: Rs.5813/- (approx.); for hostellers: Rs.1665/- per annum; for non-hostellers: Monthly tuition fee Rs.160/-
Fee details presented here are indicative and are subject to change. Students are advised to check with the authorities concerned for the latest information.

Mode of Admission

Admissions are through the Combined Entrance Examination

EDUCATION IN BIHAR

Education System in Bihar :
Bihar has a rich educational heritage to live up to. Universities like Nalanda and Vikramashila were known all over the world as seats of world class education. In the present times, Bihar is trying extremely hard to revive its lost glory. The government is taking up number of initiatives to make education more accessible to the people of the state.

Education System:

According to the Census, the literacy rate of Bihar is 63.82% for the year 2011 which shows a marked improvement from what it was in 2001. There has been an improvement of 16.82% which talks volumes about how serious the Bihar Government regarding improvement of the educational scenario of the state. The Education System of Bihar can be divided into eight tiers, namely: Pre-Primary, Primary, Elementary, Secondary, Senior Secondary, Junior college, Secondary education, and Degree level. The governing body for the State Schools is the Bihar Government. Apart from this, there are a number of schools that are affiliated under the CBSE and the ISCE Boards. There are district schools too in Bihar that are better known as Zila schools. These have been affiliated to the Bihar School Examination Board.

Method of admission for students in the universities of Bihar:

The Central University of Bihar grants the applicants admission on the basis of the All India Written Test. As far as the Rajendra Agricultural University is concerned, it admits 85% of its students through the Bihar Combined Entrance Competitive Examination.

Education for Foreign students in Bihar universities:

Though students from foreign countries can enroll for the courses that are offered by the various universities in Bihar, the establishment of the Nalanda International University will open new horizons for them. Work has already begun in terms of development of the infrastructure and the academic session is expected to begin in the year 2012.

Hostels and Accommodation: For the students who are not residents of Bihar, accommodation would never be a problem. Magadh University for instance has 8 hostels that accommodate around 1500 students. On the other hand Rajendra Agricultural University has 5 hostels (4 for boys and 1 for girls). The hostel rooms are clean and adequate security is available at the hostels. The hostels also have recreational facilities for the students so that they feel rejuvenated after a long day in class. There is provision for indoor games as well as a television set in the common rooms. The reading rooms are also well equipped with the latest journals and magazines.

EDUCATION SYSTEM IN AFRICA

Education System in Africa :
There is much more, but these stark facts mask an even more important fact. While

governments fumble to meet the minimal goals of education in Africa and demand massive funding, the broader debate on education in Africa is stifled.
‘While governments fumble to meet the minimal goals of education in Africa and demand massive funding, the broader debate on education in Africa is stifled.’
That broader discussion must include, say educators across the continent, 10 grossly neglected areas that African leaders have to address if Universal Primary Education is ever to be achieved, let alone by the target date of 2015 set by the UN Millennium Goals.
1. ‘Education is the only anti-HIV/AIDS vaccine there is,’ observes former South African Education Minister Kader Asma. So many children are forced to abandon school to care for parents, siblings or orphaned relatives. Yet AIDS advocates insist that the virus and disease actually are reduced with increased education. Less schooling means more poverty, more poverty means increased vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. The more girls are educated, the longer they are likely to refrain from sexual activity and require their partners to practice safe sex. The continent has nearly 13 million AIDS orphans. The only way they can get education is through a wide range of government interventions. The pandemic is also reducing the number of teachers. In many countries the equivalent of two-thirds of newly trained teachers are lost every year. Governments need to provide for more testing, medical support including anti-retrovirals, prevention programmes, counseling and support groups.
2. Africa needs to radically improve the quality and quantity of its teachers. Africa has about 2.5 million teachers and a three percent increase will be needed in the next 10 years. This requires more and improved teachers’ colleges. Under- or unqualified teachers must be either upgraded or retired, replacing them with newer and better qualified teachers. In-service and upgrading must be always available. To be effective, teachers need the support of principals, the broader education system, parents, communities and education ministries.
3. Improving quality requires a focus on outcomes. Recent studies conclude that about half the pupils in Africa have not achieved the minimum skill level defined by the authorities in each country. In some countries less than a third of children at the end of primary school have the skills necessary to perform at the secondary level. In some countries where teaching continued in a colonial language, three decades later three-quarters of students were functionally illiterate after seven years of schooling. Trial programmes that teach students to read first in their own language and then make a transition to the European language in three or four years dramatically improved literacy.
4. Africa needs more graduates trained in maths, science and information and communication technology. Primary school teachers need to make learning in these subjects interesting, relevant and fun.
5. Corruption is rampant in many education systems. It robs school systems of scarce funds. In some countries school principals have been accused of bribery, favouritism and direct stealing from schools. Irregular admissions, private coaching during class times for pay, collusion, impersonation and other forms of cheating during exams are commonplace in some countries.

PHD PROGRAMS IN ITALY

PHD Programs in ITALY :
out of the three main courses offered in Italy, the "Dottorato di Ricerca" aims to provide

students with a comprehensive understanding of the scientific research methodology. The course continues for a period of time depending upon the topic of research, grants, donations and the infrastructure of the institution which you have chosen. The doctorate is attained with extensive documentation of information, practical experimentation (if you are pursuing a doctorate degree in science related fields) and a final dissertation.

Doctorate Degree In Italy

Universities In Italy offering A Ph.D. Degree

Art And Architecture

Politecnico de Milano- School of Architecture and Society
IMT Institute of Advanced Studies- Management and Development of Cultural Heritage
Istituto Universitario di Architettura di Venezia

Business And MBA

University of Trento- Doctoral Programme in Economics And Management
Bocconi University- Ph.D. in Business Administration and Management
Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza- Marketting

Computers And Technology

Politecnico de Milano- Engineering of Computing Systems
IMT Institute of Advanced Studies- Computer Science and Engineering

Engineering

Università degli Studi di Perugia
Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza'
Università di Pisa

Humanities And Cultures

Pontifical Athenaeum Regina Apostolorum
Scuola Internazionale di Grafica
Università Cà Foscari di Venezia

Law And Criminal Justice

Università degli Studi di Milano
Università degli Studi di Perugia

Physical And Earth Sciences

Università degli Studi di Urbino
Università degli Studi di Trieste
Università degli Studi di Siena

Public Affairs And Policy

Johns Hopkins University - Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS)
University Degli Studi Di Milano (University of Milano)- Labour Studies
Politecnico di Milano- Urban Planning and Policy Design

Social And Behavioural Sciences

Università degli Studi di Torino
Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Università degli Studi di Perugia
Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore- Ph.D program in Economics and Finance of Public Administration

About The Program

The coursework initially consists of 15 papers that a student needs to clear. The students of the PhD program follow a common curriculum during the first two terms and specialized courses during their third term. While the first year of study involves revising a core curriculum, the second and third years involve seminar participations, tutorials and various dissertations.
Further, it is possible for a student to spend up to one year working at a research centre in Italy.
The language of the doctoral program is in English and is taught by members who have experience in teaching multi-lingual students. Coming to Italy under the Erasmus or Socrates programs are beneficial. Various scholarship grants and aids are available to the foreign students.

EDUCATION SYSTEM IN ITALY

Education System in ITALY :
A place for love and food, the home to the Godfather and the underworld and more

importantly, a country of sunshine, Roman ruins and the Renaissance movement; Italy has a lot to offer its tourists and interestingly, even to its students. For those studying in Italy, it offers access to some of the most influential art, structural design and a rich history in the world. Italy possesses some of the most reputed universities such as the Università di Bologna, which is said to be the oldest university in the Western world. Historians refer to the birth year of this university as 1088. It boasts of glittering historical figures such as its own alumni, including Dante Alighieri. By choosing from Italian cities like Rome, Milan, Naples, Palermo, Turin, etc. Students Can observe the study period in Italy too. Read the following section to learn more about the education system of Italy.

Italian Education System :

The education system in Italy is most interesting. This is because education is free and compulsory for eight years. Thus, for children between the ages of 6 and 14, it is completely free and paid for by the Government of Italy.
Education in Italy begins with primary school. It lasts for 5 years after which the toddler is ready for secondary school.
Secondary school in Italian is called 'Scuole Medie'. This type of schooling is further divided into- Medie Inferiori and Medie Superiori. If you compare with the rest of the world, Medie Inferiori is equivalent to middle school grades which lasts 3 years long. Medie Superiori corresponds to the secondary school level that is another five years.
Secondary schools in Italy give students the privilege to choose their profession and career. Depending upon their interest and aptitude, pupils are allowed to choose Liceo, Instituto Tecnico and the Institute Professionale. While the former is based on arts and sciences, Liceo is further divided into four types: Liceo Classico, Liceo Scentifico, Liceo Linguistico and Liceo Artistico. The first offers Latin, Greek, Italian, history and philosophy. The second course emphasises scientific subjects like mathematical topics. The third concentrates on languages and the last course is oriented towards arts and humanities.
No points for guessing that after each level, there is an exam at the end of the academic year!

EDUCATION SYSTEM IN GERMANY

Education system in GERMANY :

Home to over 400 universities, Germany has become the hub of education and research. The schools, colleges and universities here are reputed in providing quality and value for money. International Students get ample educational opportunities in Germany in courses which are varied and reputed. There are free schools, skilled teachers and globally recognized courses. These institutions aim to nurture individual abilities and interests in any subject ranging from natural sciences and languages to music and sport. Many international students get lured by the curriculum of German universities, which focuses on the concept of independent study and participation in oral reports, papers, lectures and group discussions. The opportunities that lie ahead for international students are enormous as they have chances of finding a job after completing their education. Read on to learn more about the academic scenario in Germany.

Education opportunities For Foreign Students In Germany
Germany is the center of various higher education institutions that cater to various programs of study. Majority of the universities are state-funded and hence have a minimal tuition fee. There are some colleges like the University of Applied Sciences which provide practical training to students. They aim to prepare them for a career, which will require the implementation of academic knowledge and practical creativity. Apart from universities, there are various internship programs that are offered by organizations in Germany. Interns get a chance to choose a company that is specific to their field. Some of the basic characteristics of the education system in Germany are:

Quality oriented teaching and prime focus on research.
A graduation system which gives a Bachelor's and Master's degree instead of a Diploma and Magister. This is done so as to attain an international competitive degree and attract foreign students.
Foreign students greatly benefit from partnerships and agreements between German and foreign universities. For courses that permit only a limited number of students, international students are offered a privileged university place quota.
Scholarships and grants are provided to Indian students by certain organizations such as the DAAD Scholarship Database, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG-German Research Foundation) and Capital Building International.
Foreign students can also work in Germany even without having a work permit for 90 days. Some German states even permit students to work during semester breaks.

Academic Scenario in Germany

Germany boasts of state run schools in which children must compulsorily attend starting at the age of 6. Upon completion of the primary school, children have the option of choosing their subject of interest. There are plenty of options available whether the chosen area is gymnasium, applied science or technical subjects. Students can also opt for a dual education system where they receive vocational training that includes practical knowledge and theoretical expertise.

The German educational system offers plenty of academic freedom for the students as they are allowed to opt for a particular discipline. Hence, this increases the number of students who come to Germany for higher studies.

EDUCATION SYSTEM IN GOA

Education System in GOA :

Goa enjoys a place of pride in the country as one of the most literate states of India. It was liberated from Portuguese rule in 1961 and has registered an impressive progress in the field of education since then. The State has achieved 82% literacy by 2001 and hopes to be 100% literate by 2011.

The Government of Goa considers education as the foundation for human development and a source of cultivation of traits or responsible citizenship. In keeping with the Directive Principles incorporated in the Constitution, it has worked toward the objective of universalisation of education, and has almost achieved its target at the elementary school stage. The growing demand for education at the secondary and higher secondary levels have also been met to a large extent.

In view of the above, the main emphasis in the Tenth Plan period is on:-
      • Upgradation and qualitative improvement of education.
      • Orientation of teachers to keep them abreast with modern techniques in the teaching-learning situation.
      • Vocationalisation of Education / Computer Education.
      • Strengthening of administrative machinery for effective implementation of policies.

The education system in Goa is effectively streamlined in keeping with the National Policy on Education, 1986 as modified in 1992, to upgrade the quality of education at all levels. The state has already enacted the Compulsory Education Act (1995) and has enforced it from 5-9-1996 to ensure that no child in the age group of 6-14 years remains out of school.

Though the state of Goa has recorded 82.01 per cent literacy and a high attainment level, the need of the hour is to reinforce its educational policy towards bridging regional and gender gaps, reducing the drop-out rate, emphasizing skill development and vocational programmes to curb unemployment, improving quality of education, infrastructure development in schools, orientation of teachers, computer integrated education and upgradation of libraries.

Organisational Set-up

The directorate of education deals with the organization, development and regulation of School Education in the State of Goa under the provisions of the Goa, Daman & Diu School Education Act, 1984 and rules made thereunder. The educational structure of the state consists of pre-primary, primary, middle, secondary and higher secondary education.

Directorate Level

The headquarters of the Directorate of Education are located at Panaji, Goa. It is headed by Director of Education who is Ex-officio Joint Secretary (Education) and is assisted by Director (Administration), Joint Director of Accounts, three Deputy Directors of Education for Academic, Adult and Vocational Sections, six Assistant Directors of Education, Vocational Education Officer and Environmental Education Officer, all persons holding Class 1 posts.

District Level

Goa has two districts viz. North Goa and South Goa. For educational purposes the State has, however, been divided into three educational zones each comprising of three to four talukas / blocks. The headquarters of these zonal offices are (a) at Panaji for the Central Zone covering Tiswadi, Ponda and Sanguem talukas / blocks; (b) at Margao for the South Zone covering Canacona, Quepem, Salcete and Mormugao talukas / blocks; and (c) at Mapusa for the North Zone covering Pernem, Bardez, Bicholim and Sattari talukas / blocks. Each zonal office is headed by a Deputy Director of Education. He is assisted by an Assistant Director of Education and a Deputy Education Officer who looks after academic matters

COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING

Education in Computer Science Engineering :

B Tech (Computer Science & Engineering), is a four-year full time programmer offered in many engineering colleges in India. The course is a traditional as well as a very popular programme in the field of engineering. While studying the course, the student acquired in-depth knowledge in the field computer science and its relation with engineering. While pursuing B Tech (Computer Science & Engineering), students are given training in both computer hardware and software.

After completing the course, one can opt for acquiring higher level education in the same field or

opt for working in the field of information technology. B Tech (Computer Science & Engineering) offers lucrative job opportunities. One can work either as software engineer or hardware engineer in the IT industry, as well as private and public enterprises. Given below is a comprehensive list of engineering colleges in India, which impart B Tech (Computer Science & Engineering) course.

Colleges offering Computer science & Engeneering Courses :

Krishna institute of Technology .
Vision institute of technology .
Rama institute of technology .
Apollo instute of technology .
Bhabha institute of Science & technology .
Krishna Girls Engineering technology .
TRR college of Engineering .
Vaishanavi Institute of technology .
JB Institute of Technology .
Modern Institute of Technology & Management .
Sine International institute of Technology .
Geetha Institute of Science & Technology .

MECHANICAL ENGENEERING

Education in Mechanical Engineering :

If a mechanical engineering education is in your future then you can expect to gain a wealth of training and knowledge from your trade school of choice. Since most entry-level engineering occupations require a formal education, a Bachelor Degree in mechanical engineering would be most desirable, but an Associate Degree would be adequate for some jobs.

Those who are gaining a mechanical engineering education will gain critical skills for the job, including extensive hands-on training. They will also be exposed to a general curriculum such as mathematics, computer training, lab training, and physical, life and social sciences. The latter part of a mechanical engineering education is spent more exclusively on the specific engineering trade.

Students applying for entry to mechanical engineering schools will need a solid background in math, science, English and other humanities.

To offer public services, a mechanical engineer must not only have a thorough mechanical engineering education, but must also acquire licensure. All 50 states require engineers who offer services to the public to maintain a license. Additionally, mechanical engineers may also review options for certificate programs offered through a variety of professional organizations.

Mechanical Engineering:

Mechanical engineering is one of the broadest and most versatile of the engineering professions. This is reflected in the portfolio of current activities in the department, one that has widened rapidly in the past decade. Today, our faculty are involved in projects ranging from the use of nanoengineering to develop thermoelectric energy converters to the use of active control of for efficient combustion; from the design of miniature robots for extraterrestrial exploration to the creation of needle-free drug injectors; from the design of low-cost radio-frequency identification chips to the development of advance numerical simulation techniques; from the development of unmanned underwater vehicles to the invention of cost-effective photovoltaic cells; from the desalination of seawater to the fabrication of 3-D nanostructures out of 2-D substrates.

Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering:

The SM in mechanical engineering is awarded based on the completion of advanced study and a major thesis. The thesis, considered the centerpiece of a students’ graduate experience, must be an original work of research, development, or design, performed under the supervision of a faculty or research staff member. Students usually spend as much time on thesis work as on coursework. This degree typically takes about one and one-half to two years to complete.

CIVIL ENGENEERING

Education in Civil Engineering :

Engineering is an integral part of our life and consists of various concepts and solutions that fulfill basic requirement of development. Civil Engineering consists of various scientific and engineering concepts, principles, which are required to built any physical substance and structure such as buildings, bridges, roads, canals, dams, etc. Being an oldest and one of the basic branches of Engineering, Civil Engineering has now various branches within it, ranges from environmental engineering, structural engineering, water resource engineering, material engineering, urban planning, mining engineering and many others. A person who studies Civil Engineering is called civil engineer. There are great career opportunities in Civil Engineering Branch. One can pursue his/her career in Civil Engineering as Project Engineer, Supervisor, Consultant and others in various Government and Private Construction Companies. There are significant demand of skilled Civil Engineers across the country in various verticals. Also, there is significant demand of experienced civil engineers in other countries like Canada, Gulf, Australia and others. There are number of prestigious institutes in India like IITs, Regional Engineering Colleges which are offering Civil Engineering Full Time Courses, Civil Engineering Part Time Courses at Post Graduate and Under Graduate Level. Because of developing real estate and infrastructure sector there are numerous opportunities in Civil Engineering Sector.

Civil Engineering deals with natural and man-made built environment - their planning, design, construction
and management. The profession encompasses many disciplines including Structural Engineering,
Geotechnical Engineering, Hydraulics & Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Engineering,Transportation Engineering, Geoinformatics, and Engineering Geosciences. It is responsible for the largest quantum of resource allocation and utilization in activities ranging from defence and industrial development to social welfare, food production and economic growth. The undergraduate Civil Engineering professional education at IIT Kanpur starts at the second year level in the four-year B.Tech. and five year B.Tech.-M.Tech. degree programmes. Recognizing the modern pace of development in Civil Engineering, the programme provides basic education in physical sciences including solid, fluid & soil mechanics, materials, earth sciences and geoinformatics, that leads to the
planning, design and construction of bridges, buildings, hydraulic structures, environmental systems, and transportation systems including highways, railways, airports, etc. Besides these broad training, students are given the option to pursue electives in any particular area of Civil Engineering. A twosemester project during the fourth year of the B.Tech. degree programme is intended to synthesize their education in several areas. As a student proceeds along the program, the emphasis shifts from analysisto design, and from skill development theoretical to the problem-solving approach.